The influence of occupation on wellbeing, as perceived by the elderly: a systematic review protocol

The objective of this review was to identify the types of occupations that are important in improving wellbeing amongst the elderly population. Several studies indicate that engagement in social and productive occupations seems to influence the wellbeing of the elderly (Stav, Hallenen, Lane & Arbesman, 2012). Other studies have shown that elderly found solitary physical and creative occupations as being the most important for maintaining health and wellbeing (Legarth, Ryan & Avlund, 2005). The data collection for this scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs method (Joanna Brigg´s Institute, 2014), by searching scientific databases, such as CINAHL, PubMed and Web of science. Three articles were chosen for inclusion, and concerned the very old (age 85+). The preliminary results indicate that it is not specific occupations per se, which make the elderly experience well-being. The occupations that the elderly perceived at facilitating well-being were due to the structure they provide, the challenge of physique and intellect, engagement and participation in society. It is notable that PADL and IADL are seldom mentioned and only as a way of structuring time. It could be discussed whether a division of activities into social and solitary gives meaning as it seems that the elderly use the solitary activities as a preface to social activities. It was surprising that only three studies considered the occupational well-being. In order to enhance the well-being of the elderly, a deeper understanding of which types of occupations that elderly participate in, and perceive as important for their well-being.